Lit.Guruji

                              The Lamb                                         - William Blake Lamb is a poem written by William Blake in the year 1789. He is a visionary poet. This poem has both pastoral and religious elements. The title of the poem "Lamb" refers to Jesus Christ. He is called as the Lamb of God - Gospel of John 1:29. This poem is a hymn to God sung in praise of God's grandeur.  In the first stanza of the poem the speaker is a child. The child questions the lamb about the mystery concealed behind it's creation. The speaker probes about the divine soul, who is responsible for its (lamb) acquired knowledge of grazing and the tender voice which has the power to bring delight and happiness. It's woolen clothing adds natural beauty to the lamb.  In the second stanza the speaker answers the questions putforth by the child. Lamb symbolizes innocence. Jesus Christ is called as the Lamb of God. He is gentle, meek, and mild as a lamb. He is the

Pronoun A pronoun is a word that can replace a noun in a sentence. There are 9 types of pronouns, 1.     Personal pronoun 2.     Demonstrative pronoun 3.     Interrogative pronoun 4.     Reflexive pronoun 5.     Emphatic or intensive pronoun 6.     Reciprocal pronoun 7.     Indefinite pronoun 8.     Distributive pronoun 9.     Relative pronoun 1.     Personal pronoun We use a simple substitute for the proper name ( I, you, we, he, she, it, they). Eg. Geetha – She        Rama – He        Cow – It 2.     Demonstrative pronoun Pronoun that point to specific thing. Eg. This is my book.       That looks like a bird.       These are nice shoes.       Those are my slippers. 3.     Interrogative pronoun This pronoun is used to ask questions. Eg. Who are you?       When are you going to Chennai?      What is your name?       Where are you going?        How are you? 4.     Reflexive pronoun Pronouns are used as o

Dictionaries Dictionary helps us to develop our vocabulary. Learner’s can use,  1. Oxford Learner’s Dictionary  2.  Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary (OALD). OALD provides you with Ø  Synonyms                                                 Ø  Collocations Ø  Phrasal verbs and idioms Ø  Wordlists Ø  Guided activities 3. The Oxford Learner’s Dictionary of Academic English (OLDAE) is useful for students belonging to various field. For example, the meaning of ‘reaction’ in  the subject ‘chemistry’ is more technical than the general meaning. 4. The Oxford English-English-Tamil Dictionary is used by learners and translators. Use the Thesaurus A thesaurus is a type of dictionary in which words with similar meanings are arranged in groups. It provides a list of synonyms and antonyms. It is handy. When you write an article thesaurus will help you to avoid repeated use of a word. Encyclopaedia Using encyclopaedia is smart and it helps you to begin

Unit II Communicative English 1.    Listening and speaking a.      Listening with a purpose Purpose of Listening ·        Listening for enjoyment ·        Listening to learn ·        To understand and share ideas ·        To solve a problem ·        To follow directions Way of Listening ·        Maintain eye contact ·        Focus on ideas ·        Listen carefully ·        Identify goals and problems    B. Effective listening ·        Focus on the content ·        Look for familiar words ·        Identify the chunk of words ·        Pay attention to tonal variation   C. Tonal Variation Speech without tonal variation is incomplete and monotonous. Falling Tone i.         Matter of fact. I live in Tamil nadu He is twenty years old.     ii.     Wh – questions Where do you live?  When did you come ?  iii.    Commands      Close your books and listen.     Take it away. iv.   Exclamatory        How nice of you!       W

JOURNAL (DIARY) WRITING    Diary entry writing is nothing but sharing an experience or feeling to your diary. It helps us to develop our writing skills. Writing a dairy has got a great significance in human life. It improves our  I.  creativity II. In making decision  III. Keep track of our life's goals   IV.   Memory .  For diary writing entry should not be made about your daily routine, instead it is good to write your experiences. You can express your feelings and emotions. According to Franz Kafka           “ One  in keeping a diary is that you become aware with reassuring clarity of the changes which you constantly suffer". Diary writing is completely personal so you can use  formal or informal language. Before writing the content enter the date, day and time. 

                Coffee house in London Coffee house was introduced from Abyssinia to the Arabian Peninsula towards the end of 15th century. Coffee drinking became common among Arabians and spread to Europe. During 17th century coffee houses became popular in London. By the beginning of the 18th century it was the center of social life in the city. 500 coffee houses were found in England.  Every upper and middle classes frequented this house. People of different political creeds, religious beliefs and professions had their own Cofee houses.  Tories - Visited Chocolate House Whigs - Visited St.James Coffee House.  Will's coffee House was celebrated by learned men. Literary topics like poetic justice, classics, unities were diacussed. Another discussion about Paradise Lost was made. John Dryden, a literary genius visited coffee house. Smoking was common in all coffee-houses. The founder of Wills Coffee-house was Mr.Button. Addison, Dryden, Richard, Steele and Pope were c

       The Restoration England (1660-1688)           Charles II restored the throne of England. Political monarchy, parliament, and law were brought back to its original status. Anglicanism became the religion of upper class people.                      There was cold war between the parson and squire. Addison in his Spectator claims " The parson and the squire live in a perpetual state of war".        Two political parties came into existence during the Restoration Age,  Whigs - supporters of Parliament.  Tories - supporters of King.       Science was used for the development of agriculture, industry, medicine, and engineering. Royal Society of Science was founded in1662 . There was a conflict between science and religion. Superstitious belief, divine punishment and witchcraft vanished among people.           During restoration age the theatres were opened. The stage was artificially lighted with candles. No drop curtains and painted scenery. Most popular resto