Lit.Guruji

  center;"> Answer - Unit IV Grammar in Context: PRESENT PERFECT TENSE A) Write a suitable sentence using the PRESENT PERFECT TENSE: 1. Ann’s hair was dirty. Now it’s clean. (wash) ……... Ann has washed her hair………… 2. Tom was 80 kg. Now he’s 70. (lose weight) Tom has lost his weight 3. Bill played football yesterday. Now he can’t walk; his leg is in plaster. (break) Bill has broken his leg by playing football 4. My sister is looking for her pen. (lose) My sister has lost her pen. 5. Mary is on holiday in France. (go) Mary has gone to France. 6. Mr. Hill was in Canada last week. He’s back in London now. (be) Mr. Hills has been in Canada Last week. 7. Look! Mrs. Smith has got a lot of packages. (buy) Mrs. Smith has bought a lot of packages.   8. I can’t eat anything now. (eat too much) I have eaten too much. 9. Mrs. Jenkins is very tired. (clean / house) Mr. Jerkins has cleaned the house . 10. Tony needs a holiday. (work / hard / this year). Tony has wo

  1.     Listening and speaking a.        Listening with a purpose Purpose of Listening ·          Listening for enjoyment ·          Listening to learn ·          To understand and share ideas ·          To solve a problem ·          To follow directions Way of Listening ·          Maintain eye contact ·          Focus on ideas ·          Listen carefully ·          Identify goals and problem              B. Effective listening ·          Focus on the content ·          Look for familiar words ·          Identify the chunk of words ·          Pay attention to tonal variation             C. Tonal Variation Speech without tonal variation is incomplete and monotonous.

  2.READING AND WRITING 1. a STRATEGIES OF READING: SKIMMING AND SCANNING •              Skimming and Scanning are useful skills of reading. •              It helps us to read effectively and precisely. •              Readers skim through description and focus on the passage which is more relevant to the assignment or a term paper. •              The required information will then be read intensively. •              skimming gives an overall grasp of the text and to gather the required information Skimming Methods When you are reading using the skimming skills you will mainly use the following • Titles, subtitles or the headlines • Contents • Introduction • Synopsis Chapter beginnings • Paragraph • Bold/Italicised words • Review questions • Conclusion This strategy of skimming will be useful to write a term paper. SCANNING •              A reading skill to gather a specific piece of information in a text. •              Reader discards a lot o

  PARAGRAPHS: STRUCTURE AND TYPES Paragraph ·          A paragraph has a group of sentences and conveys a common idea. ·          It is composed of one main idea. ·          “one para, one idea is the formula for paragraph writing”. Structure: A paragraph should have three important components. i.                      the main idea of the paragraph should be stated or introduced. ii.                    Secondly, the main idea should be explained. iii.                  supporting details should be included to strengthen the main idea. What is topic sentence? The first sentence of the paragraph is said to be the topic sentence. The topic sentence states or introduces the topic or subject or main idea of the paragraph. A good topic sentence should be brief and emphatic. Unity A paragraph should have unity. For a good paragraph all the supporting sentences work together to develop the main idea. Unity of a paragraph can be achieved by meaningful sequencing of senten