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The Life and Death of Mr. Badman by John Bunyan – Study Material

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The Life and Death of Mr. Badman by John Bunyan – Study Material The Life and Death of Mr. Badman was first published in 1680 , two years after the first part of The Pilgrim’s Progress . Bunyan presents it as a familiar dialogue between Mr. Wiseman and Mr. Attentive . The work traces the life of a morally corrupt man from childhood to death and uses his life as a warning about the consequences of unrepentant wrongdoing. ( Project Gutenberg ) The Life and Death of Mr. Badman by John Bunyan Introduction The Life and Death of Mr. Badman is an important prose work by John Bunyan , published in 1680 . Its full title is: ** The Life and Death of Mr. Badman, Presented to the World in a Familiar Dialogue between Mr. Wiseman and Mr. Attentive ** The work is written mainly as a long conversation between Mr. Wiseman and Mr. Attentive . They discuss the life, character and death of a man called Mr. Badman . Bunyan presents Badman as a negative example. Instead of showing a person travelling t...
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Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners by John Bunyan

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Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners by John Bunyan Introduction Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners is an important autobiographical and religious work by John Bunyan . It was first published in 1666 . The complete title is: ** Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners: Or, A Brief Relation of the Exceeding Mercy of God in Christ, to His Poor Servant, John Bunyan ** The book describes Bunyan's spiritual life, especially his intense struggle with sin, guilt, doubt, fear, faith and salvation . Unlike The Pilgrim’s Progress , which presents spiritual experience through an allegorical story, Grace Abounding presents Bunyan's own religious experience in an autobiographical form. The work is therefore important for understanding both Puritan literature and Bunyan's later writing. John Bunyan John Bunyan was born in 1628 at Elstow , near Bedford, England. He came from a modest family and worked initially as a tinker , a person who repaired household metal goods. Bunyan ...
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The Pilgrim’s Progress by John Bunyan

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The Pilgrim’s Progress by John Bunyan Introduction The Pilgrim’s Progress from This World to That Which Is to Come is one of the most famous works of English literature written by John Bunyan . It was published in two parts, the first in 1678 and the second in 1684 . The book is written as an allegory . An allegory is a story in which characters, places, events, and objects represent deeper moral, religious, or spiritual ideas. The central character is Christian , an ordinary man who begins a difficult journey from the City of Destruction to the Celestial City . His journey represents the Christian's spiritual journey from sin towards salvation. The full title is: ** The Pilgrim’s Progress from This World to That Which Is to Come ** The work became extremely popular and is regarded as one of the most important religious allegories in English literature. John Bunyan John Bunyan was born in 1628 at Elstow, near Bedford, England. He was a Puritan writer, preacher and religious th...
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Dorothy Richardson and Pilgrimage

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Dorothy Richardson and Pilgrimage Dorothy Richardson (1873–1957) was an English novelist best known for her long sequence of novels, Pilgrimage . It is an important work in the development of modernist fiction and is particularly famous for its use of stream of consciousness . Pilgrimage – Simple Introduction Pilgrimage follows the life and inner experiences of Miriam Henderson , a young woman living in England. Instead of concentrating mainly on dramatic events, Richardson focuses on Miriam's thoughts, perceptions, memories, feelings and everyday experiences. The novel sequence contains thirteen volumes , published between 1915 and 1967 . Richardson began publishing the first volume, Pointed Roofs , in 1915. One of the most important features of Pilgrimage is its presentation of female consciousness . Miriam observes the world around her and gradually develops her own understanding of relationships, work, society and independence. Stream of Consciousness Richardson is importan...
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Reform Bill

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When the Reform Bill was proposed for the third time in **1832**, it was finally passed. The total number of seats in the **House of Commons** remained the same. **Fifty-six small and rotten boroughs** lost their right to send members to Parliament. Thirty other boroughs could send only one member each. As a result, **143 seats** became available. Of these, **65 seats** were given to large towns and cities that had not been represented earlier. **65 seats** were given to newly created rural constituencies in densely populated areas. The remaining **13 seats** were given to **Ireland and Scotland**. The **franchise**, or right to vote, was also changed. The **10-shilling freeholders** kept their right to vote. The right to vote was extended to **copyholders and leaseholders** whose land was worth **£10 a year**. Short-term leaseholders and tenants whose land was worth **£50 a year** were also given the right to vote. Although these changes looked important, they were **not c...
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Ecocriticism – Complete Study Material

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Ecocriticism – Complete Study Material Introduction Ecocriticism is the study of the relationship between literature and the physical environment . It examines how literature represents: Nature Environment Animals Climate Land Ecology Human–nature relationships Environmental destruction Industrialization Pollution Environmental justice Simple Definition Ecocriticism studies the relationship between literature, culture, and the physical environment. The term became prominent in literary studies during the 1990s , although its intellectual roots go back much earlier. 1. Origin of Ecocriticism Ecocriticism developed from the growing awareness of: Environmental destruction Industrialization Pollution Climate change Deforestation Loss of biodiversity Animal exploitation Environmental injustice It is an interdisciplinary field drawing from: Literature Ecology Environmental studies Philosophy History Geography Cultural studies 2. Who Coined the Term “Ecocriticism”? The term ecocriticism is ...
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Postcolonial Literary Theory – Complete Study Material

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Postcolonial Literary Theory – Complete Study Material Introduction Postcolonial Literary Theory examines literature, culture, identity, language, history, and power in relation to colonialism and its continuing effects . It studies how colonial powers represented colonized peoples and how writers from formerly colonized societies respond to, resist, revise, or challenge those representations. Postcolonial criticism is concerned with: Colonialism Imperialism Power Race Identity Otherness Hybridity Mimicry Diaspora Nationalism Language Cultural resistance Representation Decolonization Easy Definition Postcolonial theory studies the cultural, political, psychological, and literary consequences of colonialism and the ways colonized peoples challenge colonial power and representation. 1. What Does “Postcolonial” Mean? The word postcolonial does not simply mean “after colonialism.” It can refer to both: The historical period following colonial rule. The continuing cultural, political, psy...
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