Lit.Guruji

Define sublimity and 5 sources of sublimity by longinus Sublimity, as defined by Longinus in his treatise " On the Sublime ," refers to the quality of great literature that elevates the reader or audience, inspiring awe, reverence, and emotional intensity. It is the ability of writing to transcend the ordinary and reach extraordinary heights of expression, often through the use of vivid imagery, powerful language, and profound ideas.  Longinus identifies five main sources of sublimity in literature: Greatness of Thought: This source of sublimity involves the ability of the writer to present ideas that are profound, insightful, and universal. Writers achieve sublimity through the presentation of lofty concepts that challenge and expand the reader's mind. Longinus emphasizes the importance of originality and depth of thought in creating sublime literature. Strong Emotion: Longinus argues that the expression of strong and genuine emotions can create a sense of sublimity in l

Matthew Arnold's Concept of "Sweetness and Light" in "Culture and Anarchy" Matthew Arnold's essay "Culture and Anarchy" presents Arnold's ideal of a harmonious and enlightened society, where culture serves as a guiding force. In this essay, we will delve into Arnold's notion of "Sweetness and Light".  Defining "Sweetness and Light": Arnold introduces the idea of "Sweetness and Light" as the ultimate goal of culture. For him, "Sweetness" refers to the aesthetic, moral, and spiritual refinement. It possess qualities such as beauty, kindness, and compassion. "Light," on the other hand, represents intellectual enlightenment, the pursuit of knowledge, reason, and understanding. In Arnold's view, "Sweetness and Light" go hand in hand, creating a harmonious blend of moral goodness and intellectual clarity. It is through the cultivation of these qualities that individuals and societies

Tradition and Individual Talent by T.S. Eliot  Tradition and Individual Talent was written in 1919 in the Times Literary Supplement. This essay has three parts:             1. Eliot's Concept of Tradition.             2. Impersonality Theory of poetry.             3. Sums up the whole discussion. Term Tradition: English people consider the word 'tradition' as a censure. This word is a disagreeable word to the English ears.  For Eliot      "Tradition is a much wider significance. Tradition in the true sense of the term cannot be inherited; it can be obtained by hard labour".  Historical Sense:  It means a perception of the pastness of the past. It is this historic sense which makes the writer traditional. A writer with this sense is conscious of his own generation and past writers.  A poet fits into the tradition, " you can't value him alone; you must set him, for contrast and comparison among the dead". Tradition and the Individual Talent: If we disc

Merits and Demerits of Shakespeare in Johnson's essay Preface to Shakespeare Samuel Johnson, the renowned 18th-century English writer and critic, wrote extensively about William Shakespeare in his work “Preface to Shakespeare.” In this preface, Johnson discusses both the merits and demerits of Shakespeare as a playwright. Here’s a summary of some of Johnson’s points: Merits of Shakespeare: 1. Observation of Life : Johnson praises Shakespeare’s deep understanding of human nature and his ability to accurately portray various aspects of life. 2. Diversity of Characters: He admires Shakespeare’s wide range of characters, from kings to clowns, all vividly and realistically drawn. 3. Language and Versatility: Johnson applauds Shakespeare’s mastery of language, noting his use of blank verse, rhymed verse, and prose to suit different scenes and characters. 4. Inventiveness : Shakespeare’s creativity and originality in plot development and character creation are highlighted as strong p

  Organs of Speech Speech production is a complex process involving several organs working together to create sounds. These organs, collectively known as the “organs of speech” or “articulators,” play crucial roles in forming the sounds of human language. Let’s explore these organs in detail: 1.      Lungs:  The lungs provide the airflow necessary for speech. Air is expelled from the lungs, passing through the trachea and into the larynx. 2.      Larynx (Voice Box): Contains vocal cords (vocal folds) that vibrate to produce sound when air from the lungs passes through. Controls pitch and volume of the voice. 3.      Pharynx: A muscular tube behind the oral cavity (mouth) and nasal cavity (nose). Function: Acts as a resonating chamber for speech sounds. Directs air from the oral and nasal cavities. 4.      Oral Cavity (Mouth): Shapes sounds into vowels and consonants by altering the position of the tongue and lips. Contains the teeth, which play a role in