Theme, Motif, Conflict.

                              Theme 

A theme in literature is the underlying message, central idea, or universal truth that a work explores. Key examples include love, power and corruption, and coming of age.

The four biggest elements of literature are theme, setting, character, and plot. When an author tells a story, the big goal is to communicate big ideas, or themes. The other elements can help the author communicate these ideas.

                            Conflict 

Conflict in literature is the active struggle between opposing forces that drives the plot forward, reveals character motivations, and creates narrative tension. It is broadly split into two core categories

Internal conflict 

Internal conflict is a mental or emotional struggle inside a character

External conflict

 External conflict is a physical or visible struggle against an outside force. 

Example 

                                 Motif 

A motif is a recurring element, idea, or design that appears throughout a piece of art, literature, music, or physical decoration. It helps build a bigger theme, sets a mood, or creates a recognizable visual and structural pattern.

When a work of literature employs an image or idea in repetition, that image or idea might be a motif. Literary motifs describe noteworthy repetitions whose presence in the work is essential for understanding the work itself.

Sometimes writers decide a work’s motifs in advance. Just as often, however, a work’s motifs are emergent—they happen unconsciously, or else are discovered and refined through revision.

Nonetheless, whether you’re a writer looking to develop a work of literature, or a reader trying to grasp Macbeth, understanding literary motifs will help you understand the literary process as a whole.