Lit.Guruji

Night of the Scorpion  by Nissim Ezekiel is a narrative poem reflecting on a harrowing incident from the poet’s rural Indian childhood. The poem opens with ten hours of relentless rain that drives a scorpion to seek shelter inside the house, hiding beneath a sack of rice. When the scorpion stings the poet’s mother, the household erupts in panic and community action. Villagers flood in, each bringing their own beliefs and fervor. They perform rituals, chant prayers, and attempt to track down the scorpion with candles and lanterns, casting shadows that heighten the atmosphere of dread. The villagers believe that each movement of the scorpion intensifies the spread of poison in the mother's body. They interpret the sting as both a punishment for past sins and a means of spiritual cleansing, revealing deep-rooted superstitions and communal faith. Meanwhile, the poet’s father—depicted as rational and scientific—tries a range of remedies like powders, herbs, and even burning the mother’s...

Summary of The Tiger and the Deer   By Sri Aurobindo .  The Tiger and the deer is a famous poem written by the famous Indian philosopher, freedom fighter and poet, Sri Aurobindo. The poem was originally published on 1930. This poem contrasts two opposing forces of nature - the tiger and the deer. He uses animal symbols to explore the themes of life and death, innocence and experience, good and evil. On the other hand, the deer is gentle, innocent, and harmless. It drinks water peacefully from a pool in the forest, not knowing that the tiger is nearby.  The deer represents innocence, kindness, and life. When the tiger attacks, the deer dies, but even in its last moments, it thinks about its mate, showing its caring nature. At the end of the poem, Sri Aurobindo gives a message of hope. He says that one day, the cruel and powerful creatures like the tiger will disappear, just like the mammoth did. Then, gentle animals like the deer will live in peace, withou...

Pygmalion is a play by George Bernard Shaw that centers on Eliza Doolittle, a poor flower girl with a strong Cockney accent, and Henry Higgins, a professor of phonetics. Higgins bets Colonel Pickering that he can transform Eliza into a refined lady who can pass as a duchess in high society, simply by teaching her to speak properly. Eliza agrees to the experiment, hoping to improve her prospects. After months of rigorous training, she successfully impresses at an ambassador’s party, proving Higgins’ point. However, Higgins and Pickering treat her achievement as their own triumph, disregarding Eliza’s feelings and future. Hurt and uncertain about her place in society, Eliza asserts her independence, challenging Higgins’ dismissive attitude. The play explores themes of social class, identity, transformation, and the complexities of human relationships, all with Shaw’s characteristic wit and social criticism

Telephone Conversation by Wole Soyinka "Telephone Conversation" is a poem about a Black man who wants to rent an apartment in England. He finds a place and calls the landlady (the woman who owns the apartment) to ask about renting it. At first, the conversation is normal. The man asks about the price and other details. Everything seems fine until he decides to be honest and tells the landlady that he is African. After he says this, there is a long, uncomfortable silence on the phone. Then, the landlady asks him a strange and rude question: she wants to know how dark his skin is. She asks, “Are you light or very dark?” The man is shocked by her question because it shows she cares more about his skin color than who he is as a person. The man tries to answer politely, but he also feels upset. He uses humor to deal with the situation. He describes his skin color in a funny way, calling it “West African sepia.” He even jokes that his palms and the soles of his feet are lighter, sa...

From Rocky. R Park Road  Nagercoil  Pin 629004 To   Manonmaniam Sundaranar University College  Panagudi  Subject : Application for Job reg.  Dear Sir/Madam, I am writing to apply for assistant professor job  at your college. I am a dedicated student and eager to contribute to your team. Biodata : Name : Rocky.R  Father’s Name : Ramu Date of Birth : 24/02/2002 Address : Park Road  Nagercoil  Pin 629004 Contact Number : 99999999 Email : Rocky.r@gmail.com Qualification : [Your Qualification, e.g., 12th Grade / Graduation] Skills : Good in  Communication, Leadership quality, efficient in computer programming.  Experience : one year experience  Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to your positive response. Yours sincerely, R. Rocky 

The Remains of the Day by Kazuo Ishiguro: Setting and Structure The novel is set in 1956 England and follows Stevens, the aging butler of Darlington Hall, as he embarks on a six-day motoring trip through the West Country. The narrative unfolds through Stevens’ first-person perspective, blending present events with extensive flashbacks to the 1920s and 1930s. Main Plot Stevens’ journey is prompted by a letter from Miss Kenton, the former housekeeper at Darlington Hall, now Mrs. Benn, hinting at unhappiness in her marriage. Darlington Hall, now owned by the American Mr. Farraday, is struggling with staff shortages, and Stevens hopes to persuade Miss Kenton to return. During the trip, Stevens reflects on his career, his unwavering loyalty to Lord Darlington, and his relationship with Miss Kenton. He recalls Lord Darlington’s hosting of secret meetings between English aristocrats and Nazi sympathizers before World War II, and how Darlington’s reputation was ruined after the war when his sy...

Swallowing the Sun by Lakshmi Murdeshwar Puri: Story Overview The novel is set in early to mid-20th century Maharashtra, mainly in Ratnagiri, and follows the lives of two sisters, Malati and Kamala. Their father, Madhav Rao, is a forward-thinking farmer who believes strongly in educating his daughters, even though society at that time does not encourage girls to go to school. He faces many challenges, especially after his wife dies during childbirth, but he never gives up on his dream for his daughters. Malati and Kamala are bright and curious girls who face bullying at their village school but continue to study with determination. Their elder sister, Surekha, is married off to a much older man, Vilas Rao, who is a minister in a princely state loyal to the British. This leaves Malati and Kamala to focus on their education and dreams. Their Journey The sisters are sent to a boarding school in Indore, where they learn new subjects and experience independence for the first time. Later, th...

Tomb of Sand (originally Ret Samadhi) is a 2018 Hindi-language novel by Geetanjali Shree, translated into English by Daisy Rockwell. In 2022, it became the first novel translated from an Indian language to win the International Booker Prize. The story centers on Ma, an 80-year-old woman who falls into deep depression after her husband’s death, spending much of the early novel in bed, turned away from her family and the world. As Ma slowly re-engages with life, she forms new relationships—including with a transgender woman named Rosie—and eventually embarks on a journey to Pakistan to confront unresolved traumas from her youth during the Partition riots. The novel explores themes of grief, renewal, family dynamics, and the lingering wounds of Partition, all with a unique, poetic style and shifting narrative perspectives. Tomb of Sand is praised for its imaginative storytelling and the power of its language, both in the original Hindi and in translation

Complex Sentence Complex Sentence has a independent clause and atleast one dependent clause.  Eg. 1. She went to the college.        2. We decided to go for a trip.  Eg. 1. Although it was raining          2. When the sunset. Complex Sentence  Eg. 1. She completed her work although she was sick.  In this sentence She completed her work is Independent clause.  Although she was sick is dependent clause.         2. The temperature drops quickly when the sun sets.  In this sentence The temperature drops quickly is Independent clause. When the sunset is dependent clause      3. Although she was tired, she completed her homework  In this sentence Although she was tired is dependent clause. She completed her work is Independent clause.  Certain rules to be followed for using comma in a Complex Sentence  1. When the dependent clause comes at the beginning of a senten...

Compound sentence  A compound sentence is a sentence that combines two or more independent clauses. Each independent clause can stand on its own because it has a subject and predicate. The clauses are connected by coordinating conjunctions (and, for, but, and,so, not, yet), semicolon or transitional phrases.  Structure of a Compound Sentence  I)Independent clauses  It is a foundation for compound sentence. It consists of a subject and predicate. Eg. She ate apple.       She is a dancer. ii) Coordinating conjunctions  Seven coordinating conjunctions are for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so. Coordinating conjunctions connect independent clause to form Compound Sentence. iii) Semicolons, comma and Transitional phrases Semicolon, colon, comma and transitional phrases can be used to link independent clauses.  Semicolon : I like hot water ; it tends me to sleep. Comma : I wanted to go for a walk, but it started raining.  Colon : I Know one thing:...

FSEN22 Skill Enhancement Course - Public Speaking Skills Part A. 1. Understanding the audience and tailoring the message to their needs.  2. To engage and connect with the audience, showing confidence  3. It enables students to present their ideas clearly and participate in discussions. 4. It helps in promoting a message, building brand awareness and connecting with the audience. 5. By effectively conveying ideas, motivating teams and gaining support from stakeholders. 6. It improves confidence , communication skills and self expression.  7. It allows the speaker to.mentally rehearse and feel confident about the speech.  8. It helps the speaker familiarise themselves with the speech and reduce mistakes during delivery. 9. To grab the audiences attention and provide a roadmap for the speech.  10. To summarise the main points and leave a lasting impression Part B 11.a. Impact of Body Language on Speech Effectiveness Enhances Engagement and Connection Effective bod...

Permission letter college  From R. Sudha  Manonmaniam Sundaranar University College  Panagudi To The  Principal/Head of Department Manonmaniam Sundaranar University College  Panagudi  Subject : Request for Permission reg.  Respected Sir/Madam,  I am writing to seek your permission to  attend a seminar dated on 25/06/2025 at S.T. Hindu College, Nagercoil. I kindly request you to grant me permission for the above-mentioned purpose.Thank you for considering my request. I look forward to your positive response.   24/06/2025       Thanking You   Yours faithfully Panagudi                                            Sudha

From R.Sudha  II BA English  Manonmaniam Sundaranar University College  Panagudi To The Principal/Class Teacher Manonmaniam Sundaranar University College  Panagudi           Subject : Requesting for leave reg.  Respected Sir/Madam,        As I am suffering from  fever, I am unable to attend classes. Therefore, I kindly request you to grant me leave for three days  from 23/06/2025 to 25/06/25. Kindly consider my absence.     22/06/2025    Thanking you    Yours  sincerely  Panagudi                                           sudha 

The Gift of the Magi: A Detailed Essay Introduction “The Gift of the Magi” by O. Henry is one of the most celebrated American short story. It is  well- known for its powerful themes of love and  sacrifice.  This story is set during the Christmas season. It narrates the story of a young couple, Jim and Della Dillingham Young. This family struggle financially but are determined to find meaningful gifts for each other. Plot Summary Della and Jim live in a modest flat.  Both are deeply in love, but they have very little money. As Christmas nears, Della desired to buy Jim a worthy present. She realizes that she has only a small amount of money $1.87. To raise money, she decides to sell her most prized possession—her long, beautiful hair—to a woman named Madame Sofronie, who pays her twenty dollars. With the money, Della purchases a platinum fob chain for Jim’s treasured pocket watch. Meanwhile, Jim sells his watch to buy Della a set of jeweled combs for her hair that she ...

Detailed Explanation of Verbs Definition and Role A verb is a word that describes what the subject of a sentence is doing. Verbs can indicate physical or mental actions, occurrences, and states of being. Every complete sentence must have at least one verb. Types of Verbs Action Verbs : Show what someone or something does (run, jump, write). Mental Action Verbs: Describe thoughts or perceptions (think, believe, consider). State of Being Verbs : Indicate existence or conditions (am, is, are, was, were, be, become, exist). Helping (Auxiliary) Verbs : Assist the main verb to form tenses, voices, or moods (can, will, have, may). Verb Functions in a Sentence Predicate : The verb is typically the first word in the predicate, following the subject. Tense : Verbs indicate when an action happens (past, present, future). Agreement : Verbs agree with their subjects in number and person. Voice : Verbs can be active or passive (e.g., "She writes" vs. "It is written"). Mood : Verb...

April Raintree  (also published as  In Search of April Raintree ) is a novel by Beatrice Culleton Mosionier, originally published in 1984 and later revised for younger readers as  April Raintree.  The story follows two Métis sisters, April and Cheryl Raintree, who are removed from their alcoholic parents in 1950s Manitoba and placed into the foster care system . Plot and Themes Sisters’ Journeys:  April, the light-skinned sister, struggles with internalized racism and tries to distance herself from her Métis heritage, while Cheryl embraces her identity and strives to help her community.  Foster Care and Trauma:  The novel vividly portrays the trauma and challenges faced by Indigenous children in the foster system, including abuse, neglect, and the struggle to maintain a positive self-identity. Identity and Racism:  April’s journey is marked by her desire to assimilate into white society, contrasted with Cheryl’s activism and pride in her roots . H...