Lit.Guruji

  center;"> Answer - Unit IV Grammar in Context: PRESENT PERFECT TENSE A) Write a suitable sentence using the PRESENT PERFECT TENSE: 1. Ann’s hair was dirty. Now it’s clean. (wash) ……... Ann has washed her hair………… 2. Tom was 80 kg. Now he’s 70. (lose weight) Tom has lost his weight 3. Bill played football yesterday. Now he can’t walk; his leg is in plaster. (break) Bill has broken his leg by playing football 4. My sister is looking for her pen. (lose) My sister has lost her pen. 5. Mary is on holiday in France. (go) Mary has gone to France. 6. Mr. Hill was in Canada last week. He’s back in London now. (be) Mr. Hills has been in Canada Last week. 7. Look! Mrs. Smith has got a lot of packages. (buy) Mrs. Smith has bought a lot of packages.   8. I can’t eat anything now. (eat too much) I have eaten too much. 9. Mrs. Jenkins is very tired. (clean / house) Mr. Jerkins has cleaned the house . 10. Tony needs a holiday. (work / hard / this year). Tony has wo

  1.     Listening and speaking a.        Listening with a purpose Purpose of Listening ·          Listening for enjoyment ·          Listening to learn ·          To understand and share ideas ·          To solve a problem ·          To follow directions Way of Listening ·          Maintain eye contact ·          Focus on ideas ·          Listen carefully ·          Identify goals and problem              B. Effective listening ·          Focus on the content ·          Look for familiar words ·          Identify the chunk of words ·          Pay attention to tonal variation             C. Tonal Variation Speech without tonal variation is incomplete and monotonous.

  2.READING AND WRITING 1. a STRATEGIES OF READING: SKIMMING AND SCANNING •              Skimming and Scanning are useful skills of reading. •              It helps us to read effectively and precisely. •              Readers skim through description and focus on the passage which is more relevant to the assignment or a term paper. •              The required information will then be read intensively. •              skimming gives an overall grasp of the text and to gather the required information Skimming Methods When you are reading using the skimming skills you will mainly use the following • Titles, subtitles or the headlines • Contents • Introduction • Synopsis Chapter beginnings • Paragraph • Bold/Italicised words • Review questions • Conclusion This strategy of skimming will be useful to write a term paper. SCANNING •              A reading skill to gather a specific piece of information in a text. •              Reader discards a lot o

  PARAGRAPHS: STRUCTURE AND TYPES Paragraph ·          A paragraph has a group of sentences and conveys a common idea. ·          It is composed of one main idea. ·          “one para, one idea is the formula for paragraph writing”. Structure: A paragraph should have three important components. i.                      the main idea of the paragraph should be stated or introduced. ii.                    Secondly, the main idea should be explained. iii.                  supporting details should be included to strengthen the main idea. What is topic sentence? The first sentence of the paragraph is said to be the topic sentence. The topic sentence states or introduces the topic or subject or main idea of the paragraph. A good topic sentence should be brief and emphatic. Unity A paragraph should have unity. For a good paragraph all the supporting sentences work together to develop the main idea. Unity of a paragraph can be achieved by meaningful sequencing of senten

Surfacing -          Margaret Atwood Margaret Atwood is a Canadian writer. She is a poetess, novelist and short story writer. She is eco-centric writer and a feminist. Her best novel surfacing (1972) focuses the relationship between nature and human. In Surfacing Atwood explores how women and nature are victimized by the patriarchy. She is the first Canadian Eco-feminist writer. Her themes are based on the status of women and environmental issues In Surfacing the unnamed narrator returns home after nine years to Northern Quebec after World war II. She comes in search of her father. She realizes the transformation of the place. She discovers that the Americans and Canadians were the main cause for environmental degradation. In the past children ran through the snow with their barefoot and enjoyed nature. But in the present nature is fragile. She claims that “White birches are dying; the disease is spreading up from the south”. The protagonist stumbles to discover the alien land

  Hayavadana -           Girish Karnad Girish Karnad was an Indian playwright, an actor, a film director and a scholar who worked for South Asian Cinema in Bolly wood.   He composed plays in Kannada and translated it into English. His plays revolve around history and mythology. He received MA Sri and Padma Bhushan. The play Hayavadana commences with a pooja to Lord Ganesha. The protagonist of this play is Devadatta, the son of a Brahman. He is a man of wisdom and knowledge. The second significant character in this play is Kapila, the son of an ironsmith. He is physically strong and has got a wonderful physique.   In this play Devadatta, and Kapila are intimate friends. As the play begins there is an uproar of fear. An actor comes running onstage shrieking at announcing a creature’s entry with a horse's head, man's body and voice of a human. Bhagavata does not believe the creature and he try to pull off the mask from the head. But soon he realizes the creature to be a r

  Daffodils -         William Wordsworth Daffodils is a reputed nature poem written by William Wordsworth in the year 1804. He was a romantic poet who was influenced by nature. His poems basically focus on the scenic beauty and the English country side. He saw a number of daffodils when he was walking along the field. The scenic beauty of the flower made him to write this poem.                 Once the poet was travelling unaccompanied and he was able to explore a patch of cloud floating over the valley and hills. He was able to view a huge number of golden daffodils, beside the lake, underneath the trees flapping and dancing in the gust.             The daffodils resembled like stars that shine and twinkle at night on the galaxy. The poet perceives the boundless line along the boundary of lake or shore. The poet is able to see ten – thousands of daffodils at a glance. These daffodils are dancing merrily and are moving their heads with joy and cheer. Along with the daffodils