On Sublimity by Longinus for BA English students

Sublimity by Longinus 

Longinus defines sublimity as the quality of a literary work that is excellent, lofty, and moving. It is also the power to provoke ecstasy in readers. The five sources of sublimity are 

1. Grandeur of thought

2. Intense and powerful emotions 

3. Appropriate use of Figure of Speech 

4. Noble and elevated diction

5. Dignified and Majestic Composition 

1. Grandeur of Thought: 

A writer or speaker must possess intellectual greatness and a lofty imagination.

Example: The opening of John Milton’s Paradise Lost, which attempts to describe the vastness of heaven and hell, embodies grandeur of thought.

2. Intense and Powerful Emotions:

True sublimity arises from deep passion and sincerity. If an orator or poet lacks genuine feeling, their work will feel artificial and fail to move the audience.

3. Appropriate Use of Figures of Speech

The skillful use of literary devices enhances the power of expression and creates an elevated effect.

Common figures include:

Metaphor, Similie, Anaphora, Rhyme Scheme, Hyperbole etc.

4. Noble and Elevated Diction: 

The use of grand, expressive, and poetic language contributes to sublimity.

Words should not be overly complex but should convey depth and beauty. 

Example: Shakespeare’s monologues, like Hamlet’s “To be or not to be,” use precise, weighty words to express profound ideas.

5. Dignified and Majestic Composition 

Sublimity is not just about individual words but how they are structured.

Sentence rhythm, balance, and flow are crucial.

Example: 

“In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.”

The  rhythmic quality contribute to its sublime effect.

Conclusion

By mastering these five elements—grandeur of thought, powerful emotions, rhetorical devices, noble diction, and majestic composition—writers and speakers can create works that inspire awe and leave a lasting impact on audiences.