Lit.Guruji

Tradition and Individual Talent by T.S. Eliot  Tradition and Individual Talent was written in 1919 in the Times Literary Supplement. This essay has three parts:             1. Eliot's Concept of Tradition.             2. Impersonality Theory of poetry.             3. Sums up the whole discussion. Term Tradition: English people consider the word 'tradition' as a censure. This word is a disagreeable word to the English ears.  For Eliot      "Tradition is a much wider significance. Tradition in the true sense of the term cannot be inherited; it can be obtained by hard labour".  Historical Sense:  It means a perception of the pastness of the past. It is this historic sense which makes the writer traditional. A writer with this sense is conscious of his own generation and past writers.  A poet fits into the tradition, " you can't value him alone; you must set him, for contrast and comparison among the dead". Tradition and the Individual Talent: If we disc

Merits and Demerits of Shakespeare in Johnson's essay Preface to Shakespeare Samuel Johnson, the renowned 18th-century English writer and critic, wrote extensively about William Shakespeare in his work “Preface to Shakespeare.” In this preface, Johnson discusses both the merits and demerits of Shakespeare as a playwright. Here’s a summary of some of Johnson’s points: Merits of Shakespeare: 1. Observation of Life : Johnson praises Shakespeare’s deep understanding of human nature and his ability to accurately portray various aspects of life. 2. Diversity of Characters: He admires Shakespeare’s wide range of characters, from kings to clowns, all vividly and realistically drawn. 3. Language and Versatility: Johnson applauds Shakespeare’s mastery of language, noting his use of blank verse, rhymed verse, and prose to suit different scenes and characters. 4. Inventiveness : Shakespeare’s creativity and originality in plot development and character creation are highlighted as strong p

  Organs of Speech Speech production is a complex process involving several organs working together to create sounds. These organs, collectively known as the “organs of speech” or “articulators,” play crucial roles in forming the sounds of human language. Let’s explore these organs in detail: 1.      Lungs:  The lungs provide the airflow necessary for speech. Air is expelled from the lungs, passing through the trachea and into the larynx. 2.      Larynx (Voice Box): Contains vocal cords (vocal folds) that vibrate to produce sound when air from the lungs passes through. Controls pitch and volume of the voice. 3.      Pharynx: A muscular tube behind the oral cavity (mouth) and nasal cavity (nose). Function: Acts as a resonating chamber for speech sounds. Directs air from the oral and nasal cavities. 4.      Oral Cavity (Mouth): Shapes sounds into vowels and consonants by altering the position of the tongue and lips. Contains the teeth, which play a role in

Greek mythology is rich with fascinating stories and characters. One popular Greek myth is the tale of "Perseus and the Gorgon Medusa." Perseus was a hero tasked with a dangerous mission: to slay Medusa, a Gorgon with snakes for hair whose gaze turned anyone who looked at her into stone. With the help of divine gifts from the gods, including a mirrored shield from Athena and winged sandals from Hermes, Perseus embarked on his quest. After a perilous journey, he found Medusa and, using the shield to avoid her gaze, decapitated her while she slept. From her severed neck, the winged horse Pegasus and the giant Chrysaor were born. Perseus used Medusa's head as a weapon in various adventures and eventually gave it to Athena to be placed on her shield. This myth showcases themes of heroism, divine intervention, and the triumph of good over evil, all of which are common in Greek mythology.

Story of Perseus and the Gorgon Medusa: Long ago, there was a king named Acrisius, who received a disturbing prophecy. It foretold that his grandson would one day kill him. To avoid this fate, he locked his daughter, Danae, in a tower, away from any potential suitors or children. However, the god Zeus was captivated by Danae's beauty. He transformed himself into a shower of golden rain and impregnated Danae. She gave birth to a son named Perseus. When Acrisius discovered the child, he was furious and feared the prophecy's fulfillment. So, he decided to get rid of both Danae and Perseus. Acrisius set them adrift in a wooden chest on the sea. Miraculously, they survived and washed ashore on the island of Seriphos, where they were taken in by a kind fisherman named Dictys. As Perseus grew, the island's ruler, King Polydectes, fell in love with Danae. He wanted to marry her but considered Perseus an obstacle. To get rid of Perseus, King Polydectes devised a cunning plan. He pre

  Story of Pandora's Box: Long ago, in ancient Greece, the gods created the first woman, Pandora. She was given many gifts by the gods, including beauty, charm, and curiosity. Zeus, the king of the gods, gave her a box (or jar, in some versions) as a gift but warned her never to open it, for it contained the world's evils. Pandora lived happily with her husband Epimetheus, but her curiosity about the box grew. Eventually, unable to resist any longer, she lifted the lid of the box just a crack, and out flew a swarm of terrible things: sickness, death, greed, envy, hatred, and all the other miseries that plague humanity. Pandora tried to close the box, but it was too late. The only thing that remained inside was hope. In this way, hope became mankind's constant companion, even in the face of life's hardships and troubles. The myth of Pandora's Box serves as a cautionary tale about the consequences of curiosity and the enduring presence of hope in our lives. This myth

The Harry Potter series, written by J.K. Rowling, follows the journey of a young wizard named Harry Potter. The story begins when Harry discovers on his eleventh birthday that he is a wizard and has been accepted to attend Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. He learns about his past, including surviving a powerful curse as a baby that left him an orphan and scarred with a lightning bolt-shaped mark on his forehead. At Hogwarts, Harry makes friends with Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger. Together, they uncover dark secrets about the wizarding world, including the return of the dark wizard Lord Voldemort, who seeks to regain power and conquer the wizarding world. Throughout the series, Harry and his friends face various challenges, uncover hidden truths, and grow as both wizards and individuals. The series consists of seven books, each representing a year at Hogwarts: 1. "Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone" (also known as "Harry Potter and the Philosopher'