Lit.Guruji

Hayavadana By Girish Karnard “Hayavadana” is a thought-provoking play written by Indian playwright Girish Karnad. The story revolves around two main characters: Devadatta, a talented but physically imperfect poet, and Kapila, a well-built and handsome warrior. The central theme of the play explores the complexities of human identity, desire, and the quest for completeness. The narrative unfolds when both Devadatta and Kapila fall in love with a beautiful woman named Padmini. Devadatta, who desires physical perfection, feels inadequate due to his physical limitations. On the other hand, Kapila, who possesses the perfect physical form, feels intellectually inferior to Devadatta. Their individual struggles with inadequacy and dissatisfaction create a poignant exploration of the human condition. As the story progresses, the characters come across a horse-headed deity called Hayavadana, who grants them a wish each. Devadatta seeks physical perfection, while Kapila year

Antony and Cleopatra By William Shakespeare  Antony and Cleopatra is a captivating Shakespearean tragedy that delves into the passionate and tumultuous relationship between the Roman general, Mark Antony, and the Egyptian queen, Cleopatra. Set against a backdrop of political intrigue, power struggles, and love, the play explores themes of loyalty, ambition, and the clash between personal desires and responsibilities. The play begins with the triumvirate rulers of Rome—Antony, Octavius Caesar, and Lepidus—dealing with their political affairs. Antony is a  military leader. He becomes enchanted by Cleopatra, the seductive and charismatic Queen of Egypt. As his infatuation with her grows, he  neglects his duties. He creates a great tension within the triumvirate. He further poses grave threats to Rome's stability. Cleopatra, too, is a multifaceted character, embodying the alluring power of sensuality and femininity in a captivating manner.  As their relationship unfolds, An

Naga - Mandala  by Girish Karnard Naga-Mandala" is a play set in a village, written by Girish Karnad. The story revolves around Rani, a young woman in an unhappy marriage. One day, she discovers a cobra trapped in a termite mound near her house. She starts talking to the snake, considering it to be her husband, and names it Naga. To her surprise, Naga transforms into a handsome young man every night. Rani develops a deep emotional connection with him, finding solace and happiness in this mysterious relationship. However, during the daytime, Naga returns to his snake form. The play delves into themes of desire, love, and the blurred lines between reality and imagination. As the story progresses, Rani's husband becomes suspicious of her behavior, and the village is captivated by the rumors surrounding the snake-man. The narrative also involves a storytelling character named Appanna, who reveals the legend of Naga-Mandala, a cursed princess who falls in love with a sh

Mother  P. Lankesh P. Lankesh (1935 – 2000) was a famous poet of modern Kannada literature. He was a great short story writer, novelist, playwright, and journalist. In his lifetime, he won Central, State Academy, and National awards. He wrote "Avva" when he lost his mother. His poems "Avva" and "Avva 2" were sequels written twenty-five years after the first one. In Avva poem he pays tribute to his mother, a rustic woman who lived a uncomplicated life. In the second poem, the poet reflects on how much of his mother still lives within him after having lived a civilized life in the city for many years.  The poet initiates the poem by likening his mother to Mother Earth, portraying her as a fertile black land. Through clever metaphors, he showcases her remarkable productivity and strength, depicting her as black earth, abundant and green like a festival of white flowers. The poet reflects on how old the peasant woman was and ponders how man

Title: Exploring Social Realities in “Coolie” by Mulk Raj Anand Introduction : “Coolie,” is a wonderful novel written by Mulk Raj Anand. This novel delves into the harsh realities faced by the working class people in India during the colonial era. The book was  Published in 1936.  This novel presents a vivid portrayal of the life of a young boy, Munoo. He becomes a coolie (manual laborer) at a railway station.  Anand explores the struggles, injustices, and dehumanizing conditions endured by the underprivileged in society. The Struggles of Munoo: The novel begins by introducing Munoo, a young village boy whose life takes a drastic turn when he loses his family in a flood. Forced to leave his home, Munoo ends up at a railway station, where he becomes a coolie, carrying loads for meager wages. Anand  portrays the physical and emotional hardships faced by Munoo as he wrestles with poverty, exhaustion, and loneliness. Social Injustices: Through Munoo’s character, Ana

  The Solitary Reaper: A Melodic Ode to Nature's  Eternal Beauty William Wordsworth, an eminent poet of the Romantic era, possessed a profound appreciation for nature and the ability to express the depth of his emotions through poetry. Among his many poetic treasures, "The Solitary Reaper" stands as an immortal ode to the timeless beauty and poignant melancholy of the natural world. Published in 1807, this enchanting poem transports readers to the picturesque Scottish Highlands, where a lone reaper's song resonates with the poet's soul, transcending language and time. At the heart of the poem lies the encounter between the speaker and a solitary reaper—a young girl immersed in her labor, reaping grain amidst the stunning landscape. Wordsworth's masterful descriptions paint a vivid picture of the scene, where the girl's isolation amidst the grandeur of the Scottish Highlands exudes a sense of tranquility and rugged beauty. The focus then shifts

                           The Mad Lover                        - by Sisir Kumar Das Sisir Kumar Das was a poet, playwright, essayist, translator and an academic scholar. He was one of the pioneers in introducing Comparitive Literature . Ameya Dev calls him, “a scholar of the purest water”. The ephithet ' The Mad Lover' describes a person who is deeply and passionately in love. In this essay Sisir Kumar Das illustrates the mad frenzy of total devotion and absorption in God through some of the well known Bhakti poets of the medieval period.   Bhakti Movement: Bhakti movement was a common movement revolted against the shackles of social conventions and authoritarianism of the Brahminical priests and scholars who ruled over the temples. The movement voiced the joy of liberated spirit. There was an abundance of emotion, music, dance, and poetry as a mode of worship, discovery of power. The God appears as a child and at times as friend and as lover longing to mee